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Military History & Heritage Victoria

Hard Fought: Australia in the Mediterranean Theatre 1940-1945

The 4th Biennial Two-Day Conference of Military History and Heritage Victoria Inc is planned for Melbourne over 9-10 April 2022.

This conference will examine the contribution of Australia’s Army, Navy and Air Force to Allied operations and campaigns in the Mediterranean Theatre over 1940-1945.From Libya, Greece, Crete, Syria-Lebanon, Egypt, and Malta, in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, southern France and the Balkans, Australians in units or as individuals were there.

What were the strategic imperatives about the Mediterranean Theatre and why was Australia there? How did Australia support Allied strategy in the Mediterranean Theatre and what were the consequences for Australia after Japan attacked in the Pacific? What was the Axis opposition and how did the Australians measure up against the Italians, Germans and Vichy French? What was the experience of Australia’s Air Force, Navy and Army? How did the Australian forces win victories, and how did they deal with their defeats? What was the experience of the Australians captured by the Axis and of Axis prisoners in Australia? How did the medical services cope? Who were the leaders and battle commanders? What were the stories of courage in ground, sea and air battles? How have we remembered those who fell?

Conference Chair: Dr Peter Edwards AM

Professor Peter Edwards (Deakin) is a diplomatic and military historian and is the Vice-Patron of MHHV. Educated at the University of Western Australia and the University of Oxford, he worked for the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Australian National University and the University of Adelaide The Official History of Australia’s Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948-1975 in 1982 at the Australian War Memorial. Since leaving the AWM Dr Edwards has worked as a senior academic, scholar and historical consultant. Of particular relevance to this conference is his publication Prime Ministers and Diplomats: The Making of Australian Foreign Policy, 1901-1949.

Convenor: Dr Andrew Kilsby

Dr Andrew Kilsby served for 23 years in the Australian Regular Army and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade before moving to corporate roles and consulting in Asia and Australia. He completed his PhDat ADFA@UNSW. He has several military history publications to his credit including The Forgotten Cruiser: HMAS Melbourne 1 1913-1928, with Greg Swinden. His most recent, The Reservists: Through the Eyes of the Defence Reserves Association 1970-2020, is to be published this year. A founder of Military History & Heritage Victoria Inc., Dr Kilsby has convened and presented at military history conferences, curated historical exhibitions, and written numerous articles and biographies.

SATURDAY 9 APRIL

 

8:30 – 9:00 | Conference Registration

9:00 – 9:15 | Opening Remarks
Major-General Jim Barry AM, MBE, RFD, ED (Rtd), MHHV Patron

9:15 – 10:00 | Keynote: Australia and the Mediterranean Theatre 1940-1945

Emeritus Prof. David Horner AM, Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University

10:00 – 10:30 | Morning Tea

10:30 – 11:45 | Session 1

Session 1 | Strategy, Politics and Diplomacy 1939-1942

Nicole Townsend, PhD candidate at UNSW Canberra & researcher on the Official History of Australian Operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Fuelling the nation: Australia’s economic imperative in the Mediterranean theatre.

Ian Crellin, Independent Historian
The influence of the northern threat on the conduct of the North African campaign: Australian and New Zealand Divisions’ roles in development of the Syrian bastion defence line in early 1942 and in the subsequent defence of Egypt

Panel Chair: Professor Peter Edwards, AM, Conference Chair and MHHV Vice-Patron

11:50 – 12:30 | Session 2

Session 2: Australia & the War at Sea

Mike Carlton AM, author of Cruiser (HMAS Perth)>, First Victory and Flagship.

12:30 – 1:30 | Lunch

1:30 – 2:45 | Session 3

Session 3 | First Shots 1940-41

Greg Pierce, Independent researcher and writer, supported by the Sea Power Centre – Australia

HMAS Stuart: The ebb and flow of capability 1939-1941

Dr Karl James, Head Military History Section, AWM
Rethinking the great siege: Tobruk, 1941

Panel Chair: Major-General Jim Barry AM, MBE, RFD, ED (Rtd), MHHV Patron

2:45 – 3:15 | Afternoon Tea

3:15 – 3:55 I Session 4

Session 4 | The Campaign for Greece and the Battle for Crete

Dr Peter Ewer, author of Forgotten Anzacs
The Commitment to Greece: Military Folly as Political Masterstroke

4:00 – 5:15 | Session 5

Session 5 | Greece & Crete

Brent D Taylor, MHHV member, author of Leadership in Crisis: Blamey at War
Blamey as Commander – Greece

CPOETC Pete Cannon, CSM RAN
At all Costs: The Royal and Royal Australian Navies in the Defence of Crete, 1941

Panel Chair: Tony Tsourdalakis, President, Cretan Federation of Australia & NZ and member, MHHV

6:30m for 7 – drinks

7:00 – 9:30 pm | Conference Dinner & Speaker
(Separate event arrangements at same venue)

Introduction: Professor Peter Edwards, AM, MHHV Vice-Patron

Dr Ross McMullin, award-winning historian and biographer.
War Leaders: The Fall of Menzies and the Rise of Curtin

SUNDAY 10 APRIL

 

9:00 – 10:10 | Session 6

Session 6 | Prisoners of War and Resistance

Stephen Hutcheon, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The digger from Shanghai: Escape from Greece

Professor Peter Monteath, Interim Vice-President and Executive Dean College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University
Australian involvement in the SOE war in Crete

Panel Chair: Lieutenant-Colonel (Rtd) Michael Buckridge, MHHV Vice-President

10:15 – 10:45 | Morning Tea

1045 – 11:25 I Session 7

Session 7 | Australia & the War in the Air

Martin James, RAAF Historian

11:30 – 12:40 | Lunch

12:40 – 1:50 I Session 8

Session 8 | Syria, Lebanon, and North Africa

Dr David Sutton, Military History Section, AWM
Syria and Lebanon 1941: the Allied fight against the Vichy French

David Green, author of Hitler’s War in North Africa
Tobruk – a comparative study of the two sieges TBC

Panel Chair: Richard James, author of Australia’s War with France

1:50 – 2:30 I Session 9

Session 9 | The Medical Services

Colonel (Rtd) Brett Courtenay OAM, AASM, AFG ASM, HOSM, ADM, LSM, NATO DPM, former Senior Health Advisor, 2 DIV HQ and Conjoint A/Prof UNSW and Adjunct A/Prof Notre Dame, Orthopaedic Surgeon (St Vincents) MB BS FRACS

2:30 – 3:05 I Session 10

Session 10 | Final Shots 1943-1945

Adam Lunney, Independent Researcher & Historian Just the Right Amount of War? The operations of 451 (RAAF) Squadron from Corsica, 1944

3:05 – 3:30 | Afternoon Tea

3:30 – 4:40 | Session 11

Session 11 | Courage and Leadership, Memorials and Memories

Janet Roberts-Billett, Historian, Naval Historical Society of Australia (Vic) & MHHV member

The Dominion Yachtsmen Scheme: ‘Hot Shot’ Australians in Combined Operations in the Mediterranean 1942-45

Dr Andrew Kilsby, Connect-History & MHHV member 
Some Fine Men Died Today: Adloun, Lebanon, Tobruk and West Point 24, El Alamein, North Africa

Panel Chair: Colonel Brett Courtenay (Rtd)

4:40 – 5:00 | Closing Remarks

Conference Chair
Professor Peter Edwards, AM
Major-General Jim Barry AM, MBE, RFD, ED (Rtd), MHHV Patron